strength.png

GENE THERAPY For Strength


Follistatin

The loss of muscle mass over time is problematic for people and animals. In cats, for example, an analysis showed “each 100g loss of lean body mass increased the risk of death by 20%.” 

The frailty that comes with depleted muscle mass is not a laughing matter. It is a contributing factor to Metabolic Syndrome, diabetes, heart disease, and mortality. 

Although diet and exercise play an important role in keeping pets healthy, the loss of muscle mass over time is unavoidable without a more significant intervention. This is where follistatin comes to the rescue. 

Myostatin blocks muscle growth. By inhibiting myostatin, follistatin lets muscles grow freely and stops them from wasting away



Price of Therapy


(Organ SPECIFIC Treatments may cost less or higher and multiple gene doses will cost more)

SMALL DOG STRENGTH

$20,000

EXTEND The HEALTHY LIFE TO YOUR PET. 

Dogs 2-10 pounds 

medium DOG Strength

$25,000 - $85,000

EXTEND the HEALTHY LIFE TO YOUR PET. 

Dogs 10-60 pounds - inquire about larger breeds

$65,000 and up for dogs over 80 pounds

Large Dog $85,000+


CAT strength

$15,000

EXTEND the HEALTHY LIFE TO YOUR PET. 

Owner must arrange travel and boarding


HORSE Strength 

Call for pricing

EXTEND the HEALTHY LIFE TO YOUR PET. 

Owner must arrange travel and boarding


References


  • Ruhang Tang1,2,3, “Gene therapy for follistatin mitigates systemic metabolic inflammation and post-traumatic arthritis in high-fat diet–induced obesity” SCIENCE ADVANCES | RESEARCH ARTICLE 2020

  • Kota, Janaiah, et al. "Follistatin gene delivery enhances muscle growth and strength in nonhuman primates." Science translational medicine 1.6 (2009): 6ra15-6ra15.

  • Abellan van Kan, G. "Epidemiology and consequences of sarcopenia." The journal of nutrition, health & aging 13.8 (2009): 708-712.

  • Amthor, Helge, et al. "Lack of myostatin results in excessive muscle growth but impaired force generation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104.6 (2007): 1835-1840.

  • Amthor, Helge, and Willem MH Hoogaars. "Interference with myostatin/ActRIIB signaling as a therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy." Current gene therapy 12.3 (2012): 245-259.

  • Anker SD, Negassa A, Coats AJ, et al. Prognostic importance of weight loss in chronic heart failure and the effect of treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: an observational study. Lancet 2003;361:1077–83.

  • Argiles JM, Anker SD, Evans WJ, et al. Consensus on cachexia definitions. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2010;11:229–30

  • Artaza JN, Singh R, Ferrini MG, Braga M, Tsao J, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF. Myostatin

  • promotes a fibrotic phenotypic switch in multipotent C3H 10T1/2 cells without affecting

  • their differentiation into myofibroblasts. J Endocrinol 2008;196:235–49

  • Barns, Mitchell, et al. "Molecular analyses provide insight into mechanisms underlying sarcopenia and myofibre denervation in old skeletal muscles of mice." The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 53 (2014): 174-185.

  • Bartke, Andrzej. "Growth hormone and aging: a challenging controversy." Clin Interv Aging 3.4 (2008): 659-665.

  • Becker, Clemens, et al. "Myostatin antibody (LY2495655) in older weak fallers: a proof-of-concept, randomised, phase 2 trial." The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology 3.12 (2015): 948-957.

  • Benny Klimek ME, Aydogdu T, Link MJ, Pons M, Koniaris LG, Zimmers TA. Acute inhibition of myostatin-family proteins preserves skeletal muscle in mouse models of cancer cachexia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;391:1548–54.

  • Berardi, Emanuele, et al. "Molecular and cell-based therapies for muscle degenerations: a road under construction." Frontiers in physiology 5 (2014): 119.

  • Bernardo BL, Wachtmann TS, Cosgrove PG, et al. Postnatal PPARdelta activation and

  • myostatin inhibition exert distinct yet complimentary effects on the metabolic pro-

  • file of obese insulin-resistant mice. PLoS One 2010;5:e11307.

  • Bogdanovich, Sasha, et al. "Myostatin propeptide-mediated amelioration of dystrophic pathophysiology." The FASEB Journal 19.6 (2005): 543-549.

  • Bogdanovich, S., Krag, T. O., Barton, E. R., Morris, L. D., Whittemore, L. A., Ahima, R. S., and Khurana, T. S. (2002) Functional improvement of dystrophic muscle by myostatin blockade. Nature (London) 420, 418–421.

  • Bowser, Matthew, et al. "Effects of the activin A–myostatin–follistatin system on aging bone and muscle progenitor cells." Experimental gerontology 48.2 (2013): 290-297.

  • Brioche, T., et al. "Growth hormone replacement therapy prevents sarcopenia by a dual mechanism: improvement of protein balance and of antioxidant defenses." The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences (2013): glt187.

  • Brose, Andrea, Gianni Parise, and Mark A. Tarnopolsky. "Creatine supplementation enhances isometric strength and body composition improvements following strength exercise training in older adults." The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 58.1 (2003): B11-B19.

  • Burton, Louise A., and Deepa Sumukadas. "Optimal management of sarcopenia." Clin Interv Aging 5.217 (2010): 2938029.

  • Camporez, João-Paulo G., et al. "Anti-myostatin antibody increases muscle mass and strength and improves insulin sensitivity in old mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113.8 (2016): 2212-2217.

  • Candow, Darren G. "Sarcopenia: current theories and the potential beneficial effect of creatine application strategies." Biogerontology 12.4 (2011): 273-281.

  • Candow, Darren G., et al. "Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 40.7 (2015): 689-694.

  • Check, Erika. "Gene therapy: a tragic setback." Nature 420.6912 (2002): 116-118.

  • Colussi, C., C. Gaetano, and M. C. Capogrossi. "Follistatin strikes back at muscular dystrophy." Gene therapy 15.15 (2008): 1075-1077.

  • Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J., et al. "Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People." Age and ageing 39.4 (2010): 412-423.

  • Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Landi F, Schneider SM, et al. Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS). Age and Ageing. 2014;43(6):748-759. 

  • Davison KK, Ford ES, Cogswell ME, et al. Percentage of body fat and body mass index are associated with mobility limitations in people aged 70 and older from NHANES III. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 Nov;50(11):1802–9

  • Dschietzig, Thomas Bernd. "Myostatin—from the mighty mouse to cardiovascular disease and cachexia." Clinica Chimica Acta 433 (2014): 216-224.

  • Eijken, Marco, et al. "The activin A-follistatin system: potent regulator of human extracellular matrix mineralization." The FASEB Journal 21.11 (2007): 2949-2960.

  • Emery, Alan EH. "The muscular dystrophies." The Lancet 359.9307 (2002): 687-695.

  • Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, et al. Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International Working Group on Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12:249–56.

  • Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Fielding RA, et al. Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12–yr longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2000;88(4):1321–6.

  • Fry, Christopher S., et al. "Inducible depletion of satellite cells in adult, sedentary mice impairs muscle regenerative capacity without affecting sarcopenia." Nature medicine 21.1 (2015): 76-80.

  • Gaudet, Daniel, et al. "Efficacy and long-term safety of alipogene tiparvovec (AAV1-LPLS447X) gene therapy for lipoprotein lipase deficiency: an open-label trial." Gene therapy 20.4 (2013): 361-369.

  • Giresi, Paul G., et al. "Identification of a molecular signature of sarcopenia." Physiological genomics 21.2 (2005): 253-263.

  • Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Taylor WE, Yarasheski K, et al. Organization of the human myostatin gene and expression in healthy men and HIV-infected men with muscle wasting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:14938–43.

  • Grounds, Miranda D. "Therapies for sarcopenia and regeneration of old skeletal muscles: more a case of old tissue architecture than old stem cells." Bioarchitecture 4.3 (2014): 81-87.

  • Gruenewald, David A., and Alvin M. Matsumoto. "Testosterone supplementation therapy for older men: potential benefits and risks." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51.1 (2003): 101-115.

  • Gualano, Bruno, et al. "Creatine supplementation in the aging population: effects on skeletal muscle, bone and brain." Amino acids 48.8 (2016): 1793-1805.

  • Gueta, I., A. Altman, and Y. Shoenfeld. "The effect of blocking TNF-alpha in patients with cancer-related cachexia and anorexia." Harefuah 149.8 (2010): 512-4.

  • Guiraud, Simon, et al. "Identification of decorin derived peptides with a zinc dependent anti-myostatin activity." Neuromuscular Disorders 22.12 (2012): 1057-1068.

  • Guo, Qiuxia, et al. "Overexpression of mouse follistatin causes reproductive defects in transgenic mice." Molecular Endocrinology 12.1 (1998): 96-106.

  • Guo T, Jou W, Chanturiya T, Portas J, Gavrilova O, McPherron AC. Myostatin inhibition in muscle, but not adipose tissue, decreases fat mass and improves insulin sensitivity.

  • PLoS One 2009;4:e4937

  • Greenlund LJ, Nair KS (2003) Sarcopenia—consequences, mechanisms, and potential therapies. Mech Ageing Dev 124:287–299

  • Han, H. Q., and William E. Mitch. "Targeting the myostatin signaling pathway to treat muscle wasting diseases." Current opinion in supportive and palliative care 5.4 (2011): 334.

  • Haidet, Amanda M., et al. "Long-term enhancement of skeletal muscle mass and strength by single gene administration of myostatin inhibitors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105.11 (2008): 4318-4322.

  • Hardy, Charles L., et al. "The activin A antagonist follistatin inhibits cystic fibrosis-like lung inflammation and pathology." Immunology and cell biology 93.6 (2015): 567-574.

  • Hauck, Bernd, and Weidong Xiao. "Characterization of tissue tropism determinants of adeno-associated virus type 1." Journal of virology 77.4 (2003): 2768-2774.

  • Heineke J, Auger-Messier M, Xu J, Sargent M, York A, Welle S, et al. Genetic deletion of myostatin from the heart prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure. Circulation. 2010;121:419–25.

  • Hittel DS, Berggren JR, Shearer J, Boyle K, Houmard JA. Increased secretion and expression

  • of myostatin in skeletal muscle from extremely obese women. Diabetes

  • 2009;58:30–8.

  • Hittel, Dustin S., et al. "Myostatin decreases with aerobic exercise and associates with insulin resistance." Medicine and science in sports and exercise 42.11 (2010): 2023.

  • Hughes, Virginia A., et al. "Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly." The American journal of clinical nutrition 80.2 (2004): 475-482.

  • Ibebunjo, Chikwendu, et al. "Genomic and proteomic profiling reveals reduced mitochondrial function and disruption of the neuromuscular junction driving rat sarcopenia." Molecular and cellular biology 33.2 (2013): 194-212.

  • Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 May;50(5):889–96.

  • Janssen I, Baumgartner RN, Ross R, et al. Skeletal muscle outpoints associated with elevated physical disability risk in older men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Feb 15;159(4):413–21.

  • Janssen I. Influence of sarcopenia on the development of physical disability: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Jan;54(1):56–62. 

  • Jones, Kristian L., et al. "Activin A is a critical component of the inflammatory response, and its binding protein, follistatin, reduces mortality in endotoxemia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104.41 (2007): 16239-16244.

  • Kim TN, Park MS, Lim KI, Choi HY, Yang SJ, Yoo HJ, Kang HJ, Song W, Choi H, Baik SH, Choi DS, Choi KM. Relationships between sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance, inflammation, and vitamin D status: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013;78:525–32.

  • Kohara, Katsuhiko, et al. "Leptin in sarcopenic visceral obesity: possible link between adipocytes and myocytes." PLoS One 6.9 (2011): e24633.

  • Kota, Janaiah, et al. "Follistatin gene delivery enhances muscle growth and strength in nonhuman primates." Science translational medicine 1.6 (2009): 6ra15-6ra15.

  • Kozaki, Koichi, et al. "Role of activin-A and follistatin in foam cell formation of THP-1 macrophages." Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 17.11 (1997): 2389-2394.

  • Kozaki, Koichi, and Yasuyoshi Ouchi. "Activin/follistatin and atherosclerosis-a review." Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis 5.1 (1998): 36-40.